What is the main function of an insula in Roman architecture?

The primary function of an insula in Roman architecture was to house lower-class citizens. These structures were essentially multi-storey apartment buildings that provided affordable living spaces for the urban poor in ancient Rome. Insulae were constructed to maximize the limited functional urban space, often accommodating a considerable number of residents in relatively small footprints.

The design of an insula typically included various apartments, which varied in quality and size, reflecting the socio-economic diversity of their occupants. The upper levels were often less desirable, lacking basic amenities and access compared to more spacious and well-appointed lower-level apartments.

In contrast, public meeting places, law courts, and marketplaces served distinct purposes within the urban fabric of Roman life, but they did not embody the multi-family residential aspect that defines insulae. Understanding the role of insulae broadens one's insight into the socio-economic landscape of ancient Rome and how architectural solutions addressed urban living challenges for lower classes.