What movement, started by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmsted, emphasized parks, wide boulevards, and suburban expansion?

The City Beautiful Movement, initiated by figures like Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmsted, was designed to promote civic beauty and social reform through an emphasis on grand architectural design, planned parks, and wide boulevards. This movement emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, largely as a response to the rapid urbanization and industrialization of American cities, which resulted in overcrowded and unsightly living conditions.

Burnham, known for the planning of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, advocated for integrating nature into urban settings, leading to more aesthetically pleasing and functional cities. Olmsted, famed for designing Central Park in New York City, shared the belief that green spaces were vital for improving the quality of urban life. Their collaborative vision led to the development of public parks and landscaped urban environments, which encouraged the expansion of suburbs as desirable living spaces, distancing residents from the chaos of industrial centers.

The City Beautiful Movement significantly influenced urban planning, advocating for the idea that beautiful cities will inspire civic pride among their citizens, thereby fostering a sense of responsibility towards the community and its environment.