What type of government was characteristic of Sparta, which focused heavily on military strength?

Sparta was characterized by an oligarchic government structure, which consisted of a small group of elite individuals holding power. Specifically, the Spartan political system featured two hereditary kings who shared power with a council of elders known as the Gerousia and an assembly of citizens, but real power was concentrated in the hands of the oligarchic leadership. The emphasis on military strength and discipline was a hallmark of Spartan society and shaped its political organization. This focus on maintaining a strong military, and the societal norms that reinforced it, created a governance system where decision-making was dominated by a select few who prioritized military efficacy and stability over broader democratic participation.

In contrast, the other government types do not accurately describe Sparta's structure or priorities. Democracy implies widespread participation and representation, which was not the case in Spartan society. Monarchy denotes rule by a single sovereign, which while applicable to the dual kingship of Sparta, does not encompass the broader oligarchic governance. A theocracy would suggest that religious leaders hold power, which is not relevant to the largely militaristic and civic nature of Sparta's government.