What urban phenomenon describes the forcing out of old populations due to social or racial differences?

The urban phenomenon that describes the forcing out of old populations due to social or racial differences is gentrification. This process typically occurs in urban neighborhoods where wealthier individuals move in, often resulting in rising property values and living costs. As new residents exert economic pressure on the area, long-time residents, who may belong to lower-income or marginalized communities, often find themselves unable to afford the increased rent or property taxes, leading to their displacement.

Gentrification is closely linked to issues of social equity and urban development, reflecting broader societal changes and inequalities. It highlights not just the physical change in the urban landscape but also the complex social dynamics at play, including the intersection of economic status, class, and racial demographics. This process can transform neighborhoods culturally and demographically, often sparking debates about urban renewal versus the loss of community identity.

In contrast, the other terms do not describe this specific phenomenon of displacement related to socio-economic and racial factors. Invasion suggests a different context of abrupt and uncontrolled entry of new populations, while centralization refers more to the concentration of resources and activities in a central area, not displacement. Block-boosting pertains to promoting specific areas for financial gain rather than the direct socio-economic impacts on existing residents.