Which geographical area is known for its fertile land, stretching from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates?

The geographical area known for its fertile land stretching from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates is recognized as the Fertile Crescent. This region is historically significant due to its rich soil and abundant water supply, which supported some of the earliest human civilizations. It encompasses parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, as well as the northern section of Egypt.

The Fertile Crescent is particularly notable for being a cradle of agriculture and urban development, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization." The convergence of the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers provided the necessary resources for the establishment of agriculture, leading to stable communities and eventually the rise of cities and states in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt.

In contrast, the Great Plains primarily refers to a vast area in North America not associated with the same ancient civilizations. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, while also fertile, is primarily located in the Indian subcontinent and does not include the regions mentioned in the question. The Central Valley, located in California, is significant for agriculture but again is geographically and historically distinct from the area defined as the Fertile Crescent.