Which of the following civilizations is linked with the Fertile Crescent?

The Fertile Crescent is a historical region in the Middle East that includes the curved shape of land extending from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This area was crucial for the development of early human civilizations due to its fertile land, abundant water supply, and favorable climatic conditions, which allowed for the emergence of agriculture.

The Mesopotamian civilizations, which flourished in this region, are characterized by their early advances in writing, urbanization, and complex societal structures. Notable civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians all arose in this area. They utilized the rich soil and waterways for farming, leading to surplus crops that supported growing populations and the development of cities.

In contrast, the other civilizations mentioned do not have a direct historical link to the Fertile Crescent. African civilizations, while significant, primarily developed along the Nile and in regions further south. European civilizations arose later and were influenced by various factors, including the flow of knowledge and culture from the Middle East but were not themselves centered in the Fertile Crescent. Asian civilizations also expanded in various areas, with some, like those in the Indus Valley, not directly related to the Mes