Which structure uses an arrangement of elements that can support large spans and complex shapes?

The structure that utilizes an arrangement of elements capable of supporting large spans and complex shapes is the space frame. A space frame is a three-dimensional structural framework that allows for high strength and lightweight construction through the use of interconnected members. This design enables the creation of expansive spaces without the need for internal supports, making it ideal for applications such as roofs in large buildings, auditoriums, and other architectural forms that require both structural integrity and aesthetic flexibility.

Space frames can efficiently manage loads while maintaining a minimal material profile, resulting in designs that can achieve intricate geometric configurations. This characteristic makes them particularly valuable in modern architecture and engineering, where both functionality and design aesthetics are crucial.

In contrast, while flying buttresses provide support and stability in the form of external arches, they do not provide the same degree of versatility in terms of spans or intricate shapes that a space frame can. Domes also effectively span large areas but are generally limited to specific forms. Arches are essential structural elements that can enhance load-bearing capabilities but are not inherently designed for large spanning configurations without additional support.