Who was the surveyor responsible for planning Philadelphia for William Penn in 1682?

The surveyor responsible for planning Philadelphia for William Penn in 1682 was Thomas Holme. Holme was appointed by Penn to create a layout for the city that reflected Penn's vision of a planned settlement that emphasized grid layouts, wide streets, and public squares. This approach was innovative for its time and aimed to create a harmonious relationship between nature and urban life.

Holme designed Philadelphia with the intent of accommodating a diverse population, which was significant given Penn's goal of establishing a haven for religious freedom and tolerance. His plan laid out streets in a grid pattern and included ample green spaces, which was a progressive notion influenced by Enlightenment ideals of city planning.

The other individuals mentioned in the options have their own historical significance but are not directly associated with the founding of Philadelphia in the way Holme is. Robert Owen was known for his work in social reform and utopian communities, Col. Francis Nicholson was involved in colonial administration in Virginia and Maryland, and James Oglethorpe is recognized for founding the colony of Georgia. Their contributions are important in their respective contexts, but none were involved in the specific planning of Philadelphia as Holme was.